THE ANALYSIS OF WORD FORMATION PROCESS ON MADURESE LANGUAGE

The reason of the researcher taking this tittle is because one of the efforts to maintain and preserve Madurese language as the mother tongue of Madurese people to study continuously in all circles and levels by using Madurese language either in formal or non-formal events. In this research, the researcher used descriptive qualitative research to know more about word formation process and describes how word formation process on Madurese language used by millennial community at Kebunan Bugih Pamekasan. The data is taken from daily talking and expression by using observation, interview, and documentation. The data were collected then analyzed through familiarizing and organizing, coding and reducing, and interpreting and representing. Based on data collected, the researcher found 48 words used by millennial community at Kebunan Bugih Pamekasan in daily talking and expression that included to word formation process. The researcher concluded that the 48 words of Madurese language used by millennial community at Kebunan Bugih Pamekasan are devided into: 6 words of compounding, 4 words of blending, 18 words of clipping, 7 words of derivition, 5 words of multiple processes, and 10 words of reduplication. The researcher hopes that this research will give valuable information for the readers include word formation process on Madurese language.


Introduction
Language plays an important role in our daily life. Language as a media to communicate and interact with others people, all of people and society can be communicate by using it. Language is purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbol. So, language is a tool to communicate and interect with other people without language they get difficulties to live in the world.
One of greatest way to establish communication device among human in daily life is language. The most important tool to communicate with other people and it becomes an identity of someone is language. Language is used to express ideas, opinions, and feelings by people. 1 People seem to be impossible to interact with others in their daily communication without language because language consist of a social function to realize interaction and connection between human beings. People will get difficulty in expressing their skills, ideas, comments, and aspirations without language that make people will get behind of era. Language is the most important means of communicating, transmitting information and providing human bonding has therefore an overridingly important position inside any culture. 2 Hereby, whoever knows the language of a group, then they will survive their typhoid. To know about language in details, people should know and master in linguistic study. While supporting theory from Meyer stated that the study of language is covered and acummulated within the field of linguistics. 3 Linguistic is study about language, and its focus is the systematic investigation of the properties of particular languages as well as the characteristics of language generally. Fromkin classified the scientific study of human language is called by linguistic. There are many kinds of subfields of linguistics people should know. They are grammar which includes everything they know about the language, including its lexicon (the words in their vocabulary), the morphology (the study about structure of these words), the syntax (the study about structure of phrases and sentences), the semantics (the study about meanings of linguistic structures), and the phonetics and phonology (the study about sounds and sound patterns of the language). 4 Thus a speaker's grammar is the mental representation of linguistic competence. Grammars of individual languages written by linguists, which mirror the mental grammars, are called descriptive grammars, which often are used as the basis for teaching or pedagogic grammars used by those wishing to learn a second (or third) language. Lieber expressed that there are many subfields of linguistics. They are morphology, syntax, semantic, phonetic, phonology. In this case, the researcher will focus on morphological study in word formation process.
Morphology is the study of how words are put together. According to Lieber morphology includes the study of word formation, including the ways new words are coined in the languages of the world, and the way forms of words are varied depending on how they're used in sentences. One of branches in linguistics which concerned with the structure of word is named by morphology. Morphology focused on the process of creating new words. One of morphological study is word formation including the ways of making new words. 5 While Yule stated that there are ten types of word formation, they are coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, back formation, conversion, acronym, derivation, and the last is multiple processes. 6 In this research will focus on word formation process.
Word formation is specifically formed words with the certain processes. Yule define word formation processes as a way of forming and creating new words from the use of old words. It is stated that there are many types of word formation processes. There are coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, backformation, conversion, acronym, derivation, prefix and suffix, and multiple processes. In the process of word formation, there are explore some of the basic processes by which new words are created specifically for derivation. 7 While Lieber said that word formation or lexeme formation is a morphological study about the process of creating new words from old ones, which can change the category of a word and add an important meaning, or only change the category of a word but not add important meaning and vice versa. 8 One of the processes of forming new word occurs in one of the regional languages in Indonesia, namely Madurase language as the original word "tolẻs" (write) becomes "tolẻsan" (writing), "ẻtolẻs" (be written), "tolẻsanah" (someone's writing), "tolẻssaki" (order someone to write), "lẻstolẻsan" (the act like writing), "ẻtolẻsah" (will be written), and so on. Those are formed by adding some elements to original word of tolẻs.
Madurese language is one of regional language in Indonesia that is spoken by Madura society, either living in Madura island or outside Madura island and becomes daily communication. Madurese language constitutes a local language which is used as a medium of daily communication by Madurese people and those who live in other small islands around the area or in other areas throughout Indonesia. Madurese language is one of the original languages that have a large number of speakers. 9 Madurese language is an Austronesian language issued by more than thirteen million speakers, or about 5% of Indonesia's population. History records the first time the use of the standard Madurese spelling began decades before the independence of Indonesia. Most likely in the early 1900s. While reported on the website of the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemdikbud), the beginning of the history of The Indonesian language was born on October 28 th , 1928. After independence, the spelling of Madura language or the spelling of the Province changed again, or aligned with the spelling Suwandi or spelling of the Republic determined based on the Presidential Decree (Presidential Decree) No. 57 of 1972 nd . Precisely on May 28 th to 29 th , 1973 the spelling of Madurese language was perfected through the results of sarasehan precisely at the Meeting House Karesidenan Office, Pamekasan, Madura, East Java which is then used until now. 10 In this case it can be concluded that Madurese language appears earlier than the Indonesian language.
One of the madurese people who continue to cultivate Madurese language as a daily communication is millennial community at Kebunan Bugih Pamekasan. Millennial community constitutes someone aged 21-36 to this year. According to IDN Research Institute (2020) male and famale between the age of 21 to 36 years old in the year 2020. Millennial community is devided into two categories; junior millennial those who were born from 1992-1999 (21-28 years old), and senior millennial who were born in 1984-1991 (29-36 years old).

Review of Related Leterature
Morphology is the study about words and their structure. It is the study about how to creat new word from old of word. Morphology is the study of word formation, including the ways new words are coined in the language of the world, and the way forms of words are varied depending on how they are used in sentences. 11 Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words, and of the rules by which words are formed. Morphology is the study of forms or investigating forms in language, which literary means ' the study of form' was originally used in biology, but since the mid nineteenth century, has also been used to describe that type of investigation which analyzes all basic elements which are used in language. 12 Word formation or lexeme formation is a morphological study about the process of forming new words from old ones, which can change the category of a word and add important meaning, or only change the category of a word but not add important meaning, and vice versa. There are many word formations in English language based on Yule, namely: 13 1. Coinage. One of the least common processes of word formation in English is coinage which gave argumentation that it is the invention of totally new terms 2. Borrowing. It is one word that borrows to other word become one word and have new meaning. One of the most common sources of new words in English is the process simply labeled borrowing that is the taking over of words from other language. 3. Compounding. It is creating a new word by combining two words become one word which is new meaning. Compounding classified constitutes joining two separated words to produce a single word. 4. Blending. It is one that contaits two words become one word. Blending is the combination of two separated forms to produce a single new term. However, blending is typically accomplished by taking only the beginning of one word joining to the end of the word. 5. Clipping. It is one of word that taken from a syllable. Clipping is mostly used in education environment that encourage clipping becouse so many word get reducted, as in chem, exam, gym, lab, myth, physed, poly sci, prof, and typo. 6. Backformation. It is a process of making a new word in English. It is similar to that derived from undergoes a process of deaffixiation. It is a very specialized type process is known as backformation. Typically, a word of one type (usually a noun) is reduced to from a word of another type (usually a verb) an example of backformation process is the noun television first came into used and then the verb televise was created form it. 7. Conversion. It is another type of word formation process in English word process. This process is created by changing the function of word its self.
Conversion is a change in the function of a word, as for example when a noun comes to be used as a verb. 8. Acronym. Acronym is one word that taken from the first capital from this word. Acronym is new word formed from the initial letter of set of other word. This type of word we often find it in our daily life as in NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 9. Derivation. It is the process by which a new word is built from base, usually through the addition of an affix. Derivation is accomplished by means of large number of small "bits" of the English language which are not usually given separated listing in the dictionaries. These small "bits" are calledgenerally described as affixes. 10. Multiple processes. Although we have concentrated on each of these word formation process in isolation, it is possible to trace the operation of more than one process at work in the creation of particular word. For example, the term deli seems to have become a common American English expression via a process of of first borrowing delicatessen (from German) and then clipping that borrowed form. 11. Reduplication. It is dupilication of all or part of the base. Another common morphological process in certain languages (but not English) is reduplication, which dupilcates all or part of the base to which it applies to mark grammatical or semantic contras. Reduplication is morphological process in which all or part of the base is repeated.

Method
Qualitative research is an approach for exploring and understanding of underlying reasons, opinions and motivations. It is a process of naturalistic inquiry that's seeks an in-depth understanding of social phenomena within their natural setting. In this research, the researcher used descriptive qualitative research because the researcher collect the data, make an analysis and make a conclusion in the end. The researcher analyse the data based on the nature of situation that was described the phenomena of word formation process The research used descriptive qualitative research design because it described or explained and analysed the information from daily talking and expression used by millennial community at Kebunan Bugih Pamekasan. Descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon. It provides information about conditions, situation, and event that happen or exist at that time. The researcher can see the varied nature of qualitative forms of data when they are placed into the following categories: observation, interview, and documentation.
The data were taken from daily talking and expression used by domino player in front of small shop of Ridwan and Friday weekly meeting of muslimat supervised by Syamsuddin under the age 20-35 years old. After collected the data, researcher analyzed all the data with the theory of structural morphology based on what type of the word formation that have been found in data description by using Familiarizing and Organizing, coding and reducing, and Interpreting and Representing. 14 Throughout the process of data collection and analysis, the researcher need to make sure that research findings and interpretations are accurate. Validating findings means that the researcher determines the accuracy or credibility of the findings through strategies such as member checking or triangulation. The researcher use triangulation determines the accuracy or credibility of the data. Triangulation is the process of corroborating evidence from different individuals, types or methods of data collection in qualitative research.

Findings and Discussion
In taking data in this research, the researcher conducted the research for about a month and half (10 th April untill 23 rd Mei 2021). Here data found based on observation, interview, field note, and documentation

A. Compounding
It is creating a new word by combining two words become one word which is new meaning. Compounding is words that are composed of two (or more) bases, roots, or stems. Here there are some words which are categorized in to compounding that found on Madurese language used by millennial community at Kebunan Bugih Pamekasan, thats are: Lanjhẚng tanang ~ it is compounding process from lanjhẚng (tall) and tanang (hand). By combining two words above becomes one word that occur new meaning, it is ngẻco'an (always steals) as the full expression "Mon Muhammad roh yeh lanjhẚng tanang" (Muhammad always steal) Poa tanang ~ it is compounding process from poa (easy) and tanang (hand). By combining two words above becomes one word that occur new meaning, it is nokolan (always hit) as the expression "Jazuli orẻngah poa tanang" (Jazuli always hits) Tẻpẻs bibir ~ it is compounding process from tẻpẻs (thin) and bibir (lips). By combining two words above that makes new meaning, it is carpẻt (garrulous / talkative) as the daily talking "Mahmudah orẻngah tẻpẻs bibir"(Mahmudah is garrulous) Nyarẻh muah ~ it is compounding process from nyarẻh (seek / look for) and muah (face). By combining two words above that makes new meaning, it is terro ẻalemmah / ingin dipuji (want to be revered). Example bẚ'en nyarẻh muah karo (you want to be revered only).

B. Blending
It is the combination of two separated forms to produce a single new term. However, blending is typically accomplished by taking only the beginning of one word joining to the end of the word.

D. Derivation
New lexemes that are formed with prefixes and suffixes on a base are often referred to as derived words, and the process by which they are formed as derivation (Lieber, 2009: 33). In addition Yule (2010: 58) said that derivation is accomplished by means of large number of small "bits" of the English language which are not usually given separated listing in the dictionaries. Here data found about Madurese language used by millennial community at Erpes Timur PasanggarPegantenanwhich is categorized as derivition. They are: Musẻta ~ this word is taken from musẻt which has meaning menemukan (find in English / present). By attaching suffix (a) in the end of the base will be musẻta that makes new meaning and function. It will be present future (will find in English). Example ẻdimmah sẻ musẻta be'ẚn? / where will you find?
Abhẚttor ~ this word categorized in to derivition by attaching prefix (A) on the base (bẚttor). By joining this prefix to the base that makes new meaning and function. Bhẚttor is noun which has meaning bicara (speech), while Ngor longoran ~ this word contains two processes. The first process is reduplication (part of the base of ngor), the second one is attached by suffix (an). The meaning is paling bodoh (the most stupid / superlative degree). Example Obet roah ngor longoran orẻngah / Obet is the most stupid person Cas pancasan ~ this word contains two processes. The first process is reduplication (part of the base of cas), the second one is attached by suffix (an). The meaning is paling pintar / pandai (the most cleaver, the smartest / superlative degree). Example Rifa'e roah cas pancasan ting amain dom / Rifa'e is the smartest person in plying domino Ghe' jeleghe'ẚn ~ this word from base of jelege' which has meaning bodoh (stupid). It contains two processes. The first process is reduplication (part of the base of ghe'), the second one is attached by suffix (ẚn). The meaning is paling bodoh (the most stupid / superlative degree). Ghe' jeleghe'ẚn orẻngah bẚ'en / you are the most stupid guy here Those words above are called by multiple processes because they are formed with two processes. Although we have concentrated on each ofthese word formation processes in isolation, it is possible to trace the operation of more than one process at work in the creation of particular word.

F. Reduplication
It is duplication of all or part of the base. Another common morphological process in certain languages (but not English) is reduplication, which dupilcates all or part of the base to which it applies to mark grammatical or semantic contras. Reduplication is morphological process in which all or part of the base is repeated.
Here data found which is categorized in to reduplication. They are: Kong tengkong ~ tengkong is base and the meaning is intelligence in English (singular). By repeating part of the base (kong) will be kong tengkong which has new meaning becomes all intelligences (plural). Example rẻs cemorẻs kong tengkong kabbhi / the guys are intelligences Tos dentosan ~ dentos is waiting in English (for a moment). It is base that has suffix (an). By repeating part of the base (tos) becomes tos dentosan that make new meaning, it is waiting for a long time (for a long time). Example tos dentosan engko' dinna' yaah / I am waiting here for a long time

Conclussion
This research is conducted in the field of morphology which the tittle is The Analysis of Word formation Process on Madurese Language Used by Millennial Community at Kebunan Bugih Pamekasan. Based on the result of the finding and discussion in the previous chapter, the researcher concluded that there are 48 words of Madurese language used by millennial community at Kebunan Bugih Pamekasan as daily expression that contain word formation process. There are: 4 words which is categorized in to compounding, 4 words of blending, 18 words of clipping, 7 words of derivition, 5 words of multiple process, and 10 words of reduplication.